| I read somewhere that you can tell a lot about a | | | | conflict with their powerful neighbour across the |
| person by finding out who her heroes are. I | | | | border. England, on the other hand, doesn't seem |
| suppose that's fairly obvious. Take Homer | | | | to create the same kind of heroes. It's true that |
| Simpson. It comes as no surprise to find out that | | | | Boadicea is a genuine heroine, from the same |
| his hero is Superman, ("If you are up there and | | | | mold as Wallace, but strictly speaking she was not |
| can hear me, I just want to say thank you for | | | | English. She was the leader of one of the Celtic |
| listening, Superman"). It occurs to me that it ought | | | | tribes who fought the Romans before the Saxons |
| to be possible to extend this idea to national | | | | came to Britain. In our day (more or less), |
| heroes. This is probably a tired old idea, used in | | | | Churchill was a great leader and hero, but he led |
| seminars up and down the country, but most of | | | | the entire British nation, not just England. Besides, |
| the things I know, I learnt after leaving school, so | | | | his mother was American...That really only leaves |
| as far as I'm concerned this is new and original. | | | | Alfred the Great and Nelson as English military |
| Anyone got a problem with that? Alright, let's try | | | | heroes. If you ask English children what they |
| it out. I'll just stick to countries that I feel linked | | | | know about Alfred they'll probably tell you that he |
| to, either by blood, language or shared history and | | | | burnt the cakes when he was left in charge of |
| ideas, and I'll start with Scotland, since it's my | | | | the kitchen, rather than that he was the country's |
| home.The Scots, to coin a phrase, sure know | | | | last desperate hope of saving the Anglo-Saxon |
| how to pick 'em. Scottish heroes are sometimes | | | | world from Viking tyranny.The English are |
| unfortunate, very often tragic and always | | | | traditionally suspicious of strong military leaders. |
| romantic, in the old sense. Arguably the greatest | | | | William the Conqueror, for instance, was hated at |
| Scots hero of all was William Wallace. More than | | | | the time, naturally enough, but that dislike still |
| anyone else he stands, in Scottish hearts, for | | | | reverberates in the form of the English class |
| freedom and liberty. He had that rare and | | | | system, now thankfully dying out. Or take Edward |
| precious ability, shared by a handful of leaders | | | | 1st., who, at the time of William Wallace, defeated |
| such as Alfred the Great, Nelson, Churchill, and in | | | | Scots armies time after time and built massive |
| America, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson | | | | castles across Wales, but is not regarded as a |
| and Lincoln, to lift up a nation, to become its voice | | | | hero. Neither is Henry 5th., in spite of the spin |
| and spirit, not through fear and oppression, the | | | | Shakespeare put on his exploits in France and his |
| hallmark of the tyrant, but by reflecting the will of | | | | triumph, at odds of seven to one, at Agincourt.It's |
| the people.Wallace taught the nation that it could | | | | interesting to contrast the two Englishmen who |
| win against its mighty neighbour to the south. | | | | helped to defeat Napoleon Bonaparte - Nelson and |
| Although essentially a brilliant guerrilla fighter, he | | | | the Duke of Wellington. Both were brilliant |
| defeated a major English army at the Battle of | | | | strategists, both got results. Wellington was |
| Stirling Bridge. He was eventually betrayed to the | | | | respected but not much liked, Nelson was adored |
| English, taken down to London and tortured and | | | | by the British public. Wellington was a rather |
| executed as a traitor, which he certainly was not. | | | | frosty character, who treated his men with |
| Unlike many prominent Scots, he had never | | | | contempt, while Nelson genuinly liked his men and |
| sworn allegiance to the English king, Edward 1st. In | | | | was concerned with reforming conditions in the |
| suffering a martyr's death Wallace became | | | | fleet. I think his affair with Lady Hamilton didn't do |
| Scotland's first national hero, and paved the way | | | | him any harm either, as far as the public were |
| for his own personal hero, Robert the Bruce.The | | | | concerned.Dick Whittington is probably one of the |
| father of Robert de Brus was Anglo-Norman and | | | | best loved of English heroes. The story goes that |
| his mother was the Celtic Countess of Carrick. He | | | | as a poor boy from the country he tried several |
| was descended from King William the Lion. | | | | times to make his fortune in London. When at last |
| Through Brus came the Royal House of Steward | | | | he gave up and headed off for the sticks, he |
| who produced the current British royal family. | | | | hadn't gone far before he heard the bells of |
| Robert the Bruce was not always a dedicated | | | | London - 'Bow Bells' - saying, "Turn again, Dick |
| patriot. He was a landowner on both sides of the | | | | Whittington, three times Lord Mayor of London". |
| border, equally at home in the English and the | | | | Back he went and became Lord Mayor as the |
| Scottish court. Eventually he was forced to | | | | bells had forecast. Oh yes, and he had a cat. The |
| choose which side he was on. He chose the Scots | | | | reality is fairly close to the myth, but he was |
| cause and in 1314, at the Battle of Bannockburn | | | | remembered at the time as a benefactor to the |
| he led them to victory over an English army | | | | poor and to charities.I think the hero that most |
| twice their size. Bannockburn was the turning | | | | completely stands for English virtues,as perceived |
| point in Scotland's struggle for independence. From | | | | by themselves, would have to be Robin Hood. |
| this time on there was no question but that the | | | | Nobody knows whether he really existed. Was he |
| Scots were a separate and independent | | | | the Earl of Huntingdon or possibly Sir Robin of |
| nation.Formal recognition of Scotland's rights was | | | | Locksley? Most of the stories are set in mid-12th. |
| still required from the Pope. A representative | | | | century, when Richard 1st was away at the |
| group of the Scottish nobility wrote to him in a | | | | Crusades. The modern Robin Hood was |
| famous letter known as the 'Declaration of | | | | popularised by Sir Walter Scott in 'Ivanhoe', but in |
| Arbroath', part of which went as follows: | | | | a way it doesn't really matter if he existed or not. |
| 'For as long as there shall but one hundred | | | | He stands for freedom from oppression and the |
| of us remain alive we will never give consent to | | | | rights of the poor and vunerable, so it's right and |
| subject | | | | proper that he should be England's most popular |
| ourselves to the domination of the English. For it | | | | hero.In moving across the Atlantic, it seems to |
| is not | | | | me that Canada doesn't really go in for heroes, |
| glory, it is not riches, neither is it honour, but it is | | | | although I'm sure they exist. My own list would |
| liberty | | | | start with Grey Owl, who pioneered an |
| alone that we fight and contend for, which no | | | | awareness of Canadian wildlife issues and was the |
| honest man will lose but with his life.'One of the | | | | friend of the Ojibway. When he died in 1938 it |
| most romantic, and at the same time tragic | | | | was realized that he was not an Indian. In fact his |
| figures in Scottish history was Mary, Queen of | | | | name was Archie Belaney and he was from |
| Scots. Mary had been brought up in France and | | | | Hastings in England. Then there would be Lucy |
| returned to Scotland on succeeding to the throne | | | | Maud Montgomery, who wrote Anne of Green |
| in 1560. She was eighteen years old, very | | | | Gables, which was about her childhood on Prince |
| attractive, impulsive and inexperienced in the | | | | Edward Island. Finally I'd probably include White |
| machinations of Scottish court life. Everything | | | | Fang and Joni Mitchell as my personal |
| went well at first but when she married her | | | | favourites.Heroes are not in short supply in |
| cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her life | | | | America, in fact the making of America is a |
| changed and nothing ever went right for her | | | | heroic story in itself. I can't say too much about |
| again. She soon became disillusioned with her | | | | American heroes; not because I don't know who |
| husband and took a lover, an Italian called Riccio, | | | | they are, but because it's not for me to say |
| who was murdered in front of her in her room, | | | | what they mean to Americans. The earlier ones |
| by her jealous husband and others. It wasn't long | | | | were, naturally, concerned with the forming of the |
| before her husband was also assassinated. At this | | | | nation - George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, |
| point poor Mary seems to have lost the plot | | | | Abe Lincoln, possibly Paul Revere. I think Davy |
| completely and married the Earl of Bothwell, the | | | | Crockett counts - 'King of the Wild Frontier', |
| man who was almost certainly involved in the | | | | according to the song.Then there are the Native |
| murder of her husband.It must have been clear to | | | | American heroes, Sitting Bull, Geronimo and my |
| her by now that the only kind of luck she | | | | favourite, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce. Chief |
| attracted was bad luck. After a few more | | | | Joseph, with his band of 200 warriors and 500 |
| set-backs she decided to head south to enlist help | | | | women and children, conducted one of the most |
| from her cousin, Elizabeth, Queen of England. This | | | | brilliant retreats in American history. In over three |
| proved to be a fatal mistake. Far from helping | | | | months this small, forlorn band fought off 2000 |
| her, Elizabeth had her arrested and imprisoned in a | | | | U.S. soldiers in four major battles and numerous |
| gloomy castle far to the north of London and the | | | | skirmishes. They travelled 1400 miles and got to |
| English court. She remained Elizabeth's prisoner for | | | | within forty miles of the Canadian border and |
| the rest of her life, some nineteen years, and | | | | sanctuary before being forced to give up. When |
| was finally executed for 'treason' in 1587, which | | | | he finally surrendered, Chief Joseph made this |
| fate she met with great dignity.Probably the best | | | | speech:'I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed, |
| known of Scotland's heroes is Bonnie Prince | | | | Looking Glass is dead, Tu-hul-hil-sote is dead. |
| Charlie who raised the standard in Scotland for | | | | It is the young men who say yes or no. |
| the Jacobite cause. The name 'Jacobite' was a | | | | He who lead the young men is dead. |
| French version of 'James', i.e. the 'Old Pretender' | | | | It is cold and we have no blankets. |
| James. Charles Edward Stuart was actually more | | | | The little children are freezing to death |
| Italian than Scottish and was only in Scotland for | | | | My people - some of them have run away |
| less than a year. His campaign culminated in the | | | | to the hills and have no blankets, no food. |
| disastrous battle of Culloden in 1746, the last | | | | No-one knows where there are - perhaps |
| battle ever fought on British soil. Following the | | | | freezing to death. |
| defeat of the Scots army, he abandoned his | | | | I want to have time to look for my children and |
| followers and, with the help of the wonderful Flora | | | | see how many |
| MacDonald, fled the country, dressed as a | | | | of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them |
| washerwoman. His undignified exit has always | | | | among the dead. |
| reminded me of the story of Toad of Toad Hall, | | | | Hear me, my chiefs, my heart is sick and sad. |
| who also fled the law, dressed as a | | | | From where the sun now stands I will fight |
| washerwoman. I wonder if that's where Kenneth | | | | no more against the white man. |
| Graham got the idea. After all he was a Scot.The | | | | Chief Joseph 1877Coming nearer to our own |
| Jacobite army had at one point struck deep into | | | | time, there is no doubt John Kennedy is an |
| England, and in fact came to within a hundred | | | | American hero, and so, of course, is Martin Luther |
| miles of London, before turning back. The English, | | | | King, and I see no reason at all why the New |
| badly scared by the whole business now did their | | | | York firefighters who were on duty on the day |
| best to destroy the Highland clan system by | | | | of the Twin Towers should not qualify too. |
| driving off the Highlanders cattle, burning their | | | | James Donaldson CollinsJames Donaldson Collins is |
| homes and banning the singing of gaelic songs, the | | | | an artist and writer. He lives in the Highlands of |
| wearing of the kilt and other gaelic traditions - an | | | | Scotland with his wife, daughter and three dogs. |
| eerie precurser of the treatment meted out to | | | | His interests are conservation, history, science |
| the northern Plains Indians in America after the | | | | fiction, chess and snooker. He also claims to play |
| Battle of the Little Bighorn.So there you have | | | | guitar like a ringing a bell. |
| Scotland's heroes, all tragic and all more or less in | | | | |